Pavement-finishing machine



May 10 1927.

G. E. WEBB PAVEMENT FINISHING MACHINE Filed A ril 7. 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet l 1927' G. E. wEB

PAVEMENT FINISHING MACHINE May 10 Filed April 7, 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 1927' G. E. WEBB PAVEMENT FINISHING MACHINE Filed April 17. 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 1 May 927 G. E. WEBB PAVEMENT FINISHING MACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 17. 1922 1,628,088 May 10,1927. GEWEBB 8 PAVEMENT FINISHING MACHINE Filed April 7, 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 G. E. T/vebb May 10, 1927. 1,628,088

G. E. WEBB PAVEMENT FINISHING MACHINE Filed April 17. 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 5301 new! 19 May 27 G. E. WEBB PAVEMENT FINISHING MACHINE Filed April 7, 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 May 10, 1927. G. E. WEBB PAVEMENT FINISHING MACHINE Filed April 17, 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 win 3 anvenfoz G. E. Webb m M: N ki May 10, 9 5. E. WEBB PAVEMENT FINISHING MACHINE Filed April 17. 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 G. EWebb M, Mv)w attenua e Patented May 10, 1927.

, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE E. WEBB, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO KOEHRING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION.

PAVEMENT-FINISHIN G MACHINE.

The present invention relates to a road finishing machine which is of that general type in which a roller is utilized for acting upon the freshly deposited aggregate while it is still plastic, to shape and compact the same in the desired manner.

The finishing machine is well adapted for use in the construction of concrete roads and pavements, and is adapted to travel upon the side forms or rails which are erected upon the subgrade at the sides of the road and serve to confine the freshly deposited concrete within the desired area between the road rails and to shape the sides of the road or pavement being formed, the side forms or road rails being progressively advanced along the subgrade as the road building proceeds.

The freshly mixed and plastic concrete aggregates are deposited progressively upon the subgrade by some conventional form of paver or mixer, and this concrete is acted upon mechanically by the finishing machine to com act and shape the same, with the result t at a dense concrete is obtained and the aggregate is so disposed and distributed as to give a superior wearing surface.

The pressure and mechanical action of the device upon the concrete tends to bring to the surface surplus water and grout so that a good finish can be obtained, and the machine can be used to advantage upon dry mixes of concrete. In this connection it may be mentioned that it has been found by ex perience that the best and most durable roads are produced where the concrete is mixed with a minimum amount of water and what is termed a dry mix is employed. Obviously these so called dry mixes of concrete are stiffer and more difficult to shape than the wet and comparatively plastic concrete mixes, and a more eflicient finishing machine is required to act upon the dry mixes and obtain the desired results.

The finishing machine is provided with one or more rollers which extend across the road way, and which are maintained in contact with the concrete or other plastic road forming material by the weight of the machine. The rollers are adjustable and may either be positively driven or permitted to idle along with the work as the machine progresses. Mechanism may also be proand vided for reciprocating the rollers longitudinlallly when such an action is found desira e. a

The machine may also be provided with a finishing float which follows the rollers imparts the final smoothing or finishmg action upon the surface of the concrete. The finishing machine is assembled as a unit, and is adapted to be propelled over the subgrade and plastic road forming material while supported upon the side forms or road rails,"the necessar mechanism being provided for adjusting t e positions of the operating parts, and selectively applying driving power thereto, as may be necessary to obtain the desired results.

' For the purpose of explaining the invention one particular embodiment thereof will be illustrated and described in detail, although it will be obvious that many modifications and changes can be made in the details of construction and that the invention is susceptible of other embodiments without departing from the spiritthereof and within the scope of the claims.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a front elevation of one end of the pavement finishing machine, parts being broken away.

Figure 1 is an elevation of the opposite end of the machine, parts being broken away.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the end of the machine-which is illustrated by Figure 1.

Figure 2 is a similar view of the end of the machine which is illustrated by Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an end finishing machine.

Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view through substantially the middle portion of the machine, showing the mounting of the roller frame and one of the levers for controlling the transmission of power to the propelling wheels. 7

.Figure 5 is a detail view illustrating the mechanism for tilting the lower supporting frame to adjust the height or elevation of the rollers.

Figure 6 is a detail view of the linkage device which controls the longitudinal reciprocation of the roller view of the pavement Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 are detail views showing the gearing and connections for transmitting power from the variable speed gearing to the shafts upon which the supporting wheels are mounted.

Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14 are detail views, partly in section, of the gearing which is provided for selectively rotating the rollers and reciprocating the rollers longitudinally.

Figures 15, 16, 17 and 18 are detail views showing the driving mechanism for reciprocating the finishing float when the latter is lowered into operative position.

Figure 19 is a detail view of the locking device which is provided for holding the roller supporting frame in any desired angular position.

Figure 20 is a detail view of the gearing for raising and lowering the roller supporting frame.

Figure 21 is a view of the locking device illustrated by Figure 19, looking at the same from the opposite side thereof.

Figure 22 is a detail view of the selectively controlled clutch device whereby either the gearing for elevating the roller supporting frame or the gearing for tilting the roller supporting frame may be operated at will from the same shaft.

Figures 23 and 24. are detail views of the universal joint on the drive shaft which transmits power to the rollers.

The supporting carriage.

The road finishing elements are mounted upon a carriage which extends transversely across the subgrade and which is adapted to travel upon the usual side forms or road rails 1 between which the plastic concrete or other road building material is confined during the distributing. shaping and finishing operations. The carriage may be constructed or fabricated in any suitable manner and from any available material, and the weight of the carriage is sufficient to hold the concrete finishing members to their work. In the present instance the carriage is shown as comprising a series of similar arched cross pieces 2 which are connected by a series of parallel and longitudinally extending tubular rods 3. The carriage has a length which corresponds to the width of the road to be built. and the ends of the carriage are provided with flanged supporting wheels 4. which are adapted to travel upon the road rails 1. Two of these supporting wheels 4 are illustrated as provided at each 'end of the carriage, and these wheels are applied to shafts or axles 5 which are journaled within suitable bearings 6, and to which power is selectively a plied, as will be hereinafter more fully set orth, for driving or propelling the carriage alon the road rails for the purpose of causing t e finishmg members to act in the necessary manner upon the freshly deposited and still plastic road building material, as well as for progressively advancing the carriage as the road building operation proceeds. The arched formation of the cross pieces 2 provides the necessary clearance space under the middle portion of the carriage for the various adjustments of the rollers 7 and 8.

The power device for operating and propelling the machine.

By reference to Figure 2 of the drawings it will be observed that an internal combustion engine 9 is mounted upon the top of the carriage at a point toward one end thereof. This engine may be of any suitable construction and may be mounted upon the carriage in any convenient manner. In the present instance the engine is shown as supported by brackets 10 which engage the two uppermost tubular rods 3.

On Figure 1 of the drawings the cooling system for the engine is indicated in a diagrammatic manner at 9. The gasoline tank is shown at 9 and a feed pipe 9 leads from the gasoline tank to the engine. If desired suitable means may be provided for controlling the engine from one end of the carriage.

The engine shaft 11 extends longitudinal- 1y of the carriage and parallel to the tubular rods 3, being journalecl at convenient points in its length in bearings 12 on cross bars 13, which are secured to the tubular rods 3. The end of the shaft is connected by a special form of universal joint 14, which will be hereinafter described more in detail. to a drive shaft 15 through which power is conveyed to the rollers for operating the same in the desired manner. At a point toward the end thereof the engine shaft 11 is connected by a conventional worm and worm gear to a transversely extending shaft 16. The worm and worm gear are not. shown on the drawing. but are of the well known construction and are housed within the casing 17 through which the shaft 16 extends. This worm gearing greatly reduces the speed so that the shaft 16 revolves at a much slower speed than the engine shaft 11. From the shaft 16 power is taken in any suitable manner as by means of the chain and sprocket connection 18 to a conventional variable speed gearing 19 which is illus trated in a diagrammatic manner on [in drawing. T his variable speed gearing may he of any conventional construction and by properly shifting the gears provides for a plurality of forward speeds and also for a reverse speed. The worm gear casing 17 and the variable speed gear 19 are both mounted upon the" uppermost tubular rods 3 at the top of the carriage and, as will be hereinafter set forth, power is transmitted through the variable speed gear 19 to the supporting vided for this the finishing -the road rails.

wheels 4 for propelling the carriage, while power is taken from the worm gear shaft 16 for operating a finishing float which is provided at the rear of the carriage, so that it will operate upon the concrete or plastic road building material after the latter has been acted upon by the rollers.

A conventional clutch 16 on the worm gear shaft 16 controls the connection between the shaft and the chain and sprocket connection 18, and this clutch is operable from one end of the carriage by means of a rod 16 which is journaled in ings and has a handle 16 at the end thereof, (see Fig. 1). If desired means may also be provided for shifting the variable speed gear 19 from one end of the carriage. A slidable and rotatable shaft 19 may be propurpose, said shaft having a suitable'connection with the shifting lever of the variable speed gear and being provided at one end of the carriage with a handle 19". 7

Roller mountings.

The roller 7 operates in advance of the roller 8, and is preferably shorter than the roller 8, so that it can be lowered between the road" rails 1 and adjusted to act initially below the top of the road rails when such is desired. This advance roller 7 may be termed the breaker roller, while the roller 8 which is sufliciently long to extend over the tops of the road rails 1 may be termed roller. The breaker roller 7 may be lowered several inches more or less below the grade, so that it can act upon a first course of concrete or plastic material in the event it is desired, to lay the road building material in a number of superposed layers or courses. The braker roller 7 is also susceptible of being set at an elevation above the grade and the finishing roller 8 can be set directly upon the road rails 1 or at a slight elevation above the same, as may be required by the character of work being. done. The two rollers, 7 and 8 are suitably shaped to impart the desired crown to the road surface, bein contracted at their middle portions and ared at their ends. The rollers extend longitudinally of the carriage in a spaced and parallel relation to each other so that they extend transversely across the road, and can be brought into engagement with the freshly deposited and still plastic road buildingmaterial after the latter has been deposited upon the subgrade by a paver or other suitable machine and roughly distributed over the subgrade between The rollers 7 and 8 are provided with the respective shafts 7 and 8 and these shafts are journaled at their ends in the cross heads of a roller carrying frame.

These cross heads of the roller carrying frame are rigidly connected to a shaft 21,

suitable bear-' which extends longitudinally of the carriage and is arranged between the two rollers, said shaft being journaled at opposite ends of the carriage in bearings 22, which are adjustably supported by hangers 23, so that they can be raised and, lowered for the purpose of adjusting the elevation of the rollers. One of the cross heads of the roller carrying frame is in the form of a hollow casing 24, (see Figs. 11, 12 and 13) within which the gearing for selectively driving the rollers and longitudinally reciprocating the same is mounted. Both the gear casing 24 and the cross head at the opposite end of the roller carrying frame are connected by a strut 25 to a fixed portion of the carriage, 'said strut having universal joints at both ends thereof and serving to brace the roller carrying frame and take up the thrust thereon without interfering with the adjustments thereof.

Roller adjustments.

The hangers 23 for the bearings 22 of the roller supporting frame are connected at their upper ends to the middle portion of crank shafts 26, one of these crank shafts being located at each end of the carriage, and the crank shafts being journaled within suitable bearings 27 which are applied to the tubular rods 3. One end of each of these, crank shafts is provided with a segmental worm gear 28 (see Figures 1 and 22), which meshes with a worm 29 on a roller adjusting shaft 30. The worm is loose upon the shaft and is held against longitudinal movement by the engagement of a bracket 31 with a collar 29 at one end thereof. Clutch members 32 which ,are rigidly mounted upon the shaft are adapted to be brought into interlocking engagement with adjacent ends of the worms 29 for locking the worms with the shaft so that the two segmental worm gears 28 at opposite ends of the carriage can. be simultaneously turned to rotate the crank shafts 26 and raise and lower the bearings 22 which support the roller carrying frame. The roller adjusting shaft 30 extends longitudinally of the carriage, being journaled within suitable bearings and provided with a hand wheel 33 by means of which it can be conveniently rotated in either direction.

Mechanism is also or tilting the roller carrying frame upon the shaft 21 as an axis for the purpose of adjusting the relative elevations of the two rollers 7 and 8. An arm- 34 extends upwardly from the shaft 23 at each end thereof (see Figure 5), the lower ends of the arms being forked so that they straddle the shaft and the forked ends being pivotally connected to collars 35, which are rigidly clamped upon the shaft. The upper ends of the arms 34 are connected by a double pivotal joint 36 to laterally extending rack memprovided for rocking bers 37 which engage pinions 38 on the roller adjusting shaft 30. These pinions are loose upon the shaft and are held against longitudinal movement by the bracket members 39 (see Figures 21 and 22). The pinions are also formed with notched flanges 38 which are adapted to be engaged. by detents or pawls 40 for the purpose of locking the pinions against rotation and holding the roller supporting frame in an adjusted position. The two pawls or detents 40 at opposite ends of the carriage are adapted to be simultaneously moved into and out of operative position and arerigid with a shaft 41 which extends longitudinally of the car riage, being journaled in suitable bearings and provided at one end thereof with a handle 42. By suitably manipulating this handle the two pawls are simultaneously moved and either disengaged from the notched flanges of the pinions or brought into an engagement therewith. The pinions 38 have clutch faces which are similar to the clutch faces of the worms 29, and which are adapted to be selectively engaged, by the clutch members 32 of the rolleradjusting shaft 30.

' \Vhen'this shaft is moved longitudinally in one direction the clutch members 32 are, brought into engagement with the worms 29 so that a rotation of the shaft will raise or lower the roller supporting frame, while when the shaft is moved longitudinally in the opposite direction the clutch members 32 are brought into engagement with the pin; ions 38, so that a rotation of the shaft will result in tilting the roller carrying frame about the shaft 21 as an axis, with the result that one of the rollers will be lowered and the other roller elevated. This tilting action of the roller carrying frame for the purpose of adjusting the relative elevations of the two rollers is illustrated very nicely by the dotted lines on Figure 5 of the drawings.

The pivotal connections at the upper and lower ends of the upright arms 34 permit the rollers and roller carrying frame to reciprocate longitudinally in a manner to be hereinafter described, when this longitudinal reciprocation of the rollers is desired. After the roller supporting frame has been tilted into the desired angular position, the locking pawls 40 are brought into engagement with the notched flanges 38 of the pinions 39, thereby holding the parts securely in their adjusted positions. The two adjustments ofmthe roller carrying frame, namely, the raising and lowering thereof, and the tilting-of the frame about its longitudinal axis, enable the two rollers to be adjusted and set in different relative positions. The breaker roller 7 can be set at any intermediate positionbetween its extreme upper position which is usually several inches above the rade and its extreme lower position whic is usually several inches below the ing the pinion with the shaft.

grade, while the finishing roller 8 can be Roller dfieing mechanism.

The before mentioned drive shaft 15 which is connected to the engine shaft 11 by the universal joint 14, has the outer end portion thereof fitted with a universal joint 43 and carried into the top of the gear casing 24 which is provided at one end of the roller carrying frame. (See Figures 11 to 14.) A pinion 44 is loosely mounted upon the portion of the shaft 15 which is within the casing 24, and a conventional form of clutch member 45 may be provided for lock This clutch member is shown as controlled by means of a handle 46, which projects through an opening in the front of the gear casing and which enables the clutch member to be moved into position for engaging or releasing the pinion. connection between the engineand the gearing for operating the rollers. The pinion 44 meshes with a gear wheel 47 which is keyed upon the shaft 48 with a worm 49 which meshes with a worm gear 50 on a shaft 51 extending longitudinally through the gear casing 24. The chain of gearing between the drive shaft 15 and the shaft 51 serves to reduce the speed so that the shaft 51 revolves at a much slower rate than the shaft 15.

One end of the shaft 51 is provided with a pair of reversely disposed bevel pinions 53 and 54 which are adapted to engage opposite sides of a bevel gear wheel 55 which is keyed upon the shaft 8 of the finishing rollerv 8, so that the said gear wheel can be rotated in opposite directions.

The opposite end of the shaft 51 is provided with a similar bevel pinion 57 which meshes with a bevel gear wheel 58 upon the shaft 7 of the breaker roller 7. Conventional, gear shifters 59 are provided for shiftingthe pinions 53, 54 and57, and these gear shifters are selectively controlled by means of levers 60, which project through the front of the gear casing. The pinions are adapted to be locked in operative position by forked slides 61, which extend upwardly through the top of the gear casing (see Figure 14), and which have depresions 62 in the sides thereof for enga .-.ment with a spring pressed ball clutch 63 to lock This controls the driving the slides in either a raised or a lowered roller or rollers are positively rotated. When all of the bevel pinions are permitted to rotate freely onthe shaft 51 the rollers are not driven, and are permitted to idle.

along-upon the work as the carriage is .propelled upon the road rails.

Roller reciprocatingmechanimn.

The rollers may or may not have a longitu inal reciprocated movement imparted thereto, depending upon the manner in which they are adjusted, and the' character in an eccentric band 65 at one end of a link I 66. The opposite end of the link extends slidably through a sleeve 67 at the lower end of a hanger 68, which is suspended from the bracket 69 projecting from one of the arched cross @pieces of the carriage. Coil springs 70 which surround the link 66 are interposed between opposite ends of the sleeve 67 and set collars 71 on the link so that a yielding connection is obtained bebetween the link and the hanger. A rod 72 which is connected at one end to the hanger 68 has the other end thereof carried through an opening in one of the end cross pieces 2 of the carriage where it is providedwith an opening into which a key 73 can be slipped;

- This key when it is dropped into operative position also engages corresponding openings in a tubular guidemember 74 which 15 rigid with the cross piece 2 of the carriage. When the key 73 is fitted in position the hanger 68 is held against swinging, with the result 'that the rotation of the eccentric 64 operates through the link 66 to reci )rocate the roller carrying frame-longitu mally, the rollers of course being reciprocated with the frame. On the other hand, when the key 73 is removed the hanger 68 can swing or-vibrate freely and the link 66 is itself I reciprocated and does not meet with any resistance which would result in the recipro cation of the roller carrying frame. When "it is desired to reciprocate the rollers longitudinally the key 73 is inserted in position, as indicated by Figure 6, while when a reciprocating movement of the rollers is not desirable the key is removed.

p -T he finishing float mounting.

The finishing float 20 is arranged at the rear of the carriage so that it follows the rollers and acts upon the surface of the concrete after the rollers have gone over the concrete. The finishing float itself may be of any well knownconstruction, and the float is supported by means of a series of arms 75 which are rigidly secured to a shaft 76, said shaft being arranged parallel to the tubular rods 3 of the carriage and being journaled in suitablebearings 77 at the ends of the arched cross pieces 2. The shaft is slida-ble within the bearings, so that it reciprocates back and forth with the finishing float, and one end of the shaft 'is provided with a handle portion 78 by means of which the shaft can be rotated to lift the finishing float above the surface of the concrete and swing it upwardly into an inoperative position, as indicated by dotted lines on Figure 15. The swinging ends of the arms 75 are detachably connected to the float, bein shown as having the extremities thereof orked at 75 to straddle fastening .bolts 79. The arms of the forks are bent upwardly at 75 to engage rectangular blocks 80, which are fitted upon the bolts. This provides a rigid connection between the float and the arms, although the float can be quickly detached from the arms when this is desired,

Finishing float reciprocating mechanism.

As has been previously indicated, a driving connection is provided between the finishing float and the worm gear shaft 16. This driving connection is illustrated more clearly by Figures 2 and 15-of the drawings. The shaft 16is provided with a crank wheel 81, which is connected by a pitman 82 to an arm 83 on a rock shaft 84 which extends transversely of the carriage. One end of this rock shaft terminatesat a point adjacent the finishing float shaft 76, and is provided with an arm 85 which is connected to a reciprocating slide 86. This slide extends parallel to the finishing float shaft 76 and has the free end thereof loosely supported by a bracket .87, (see Figures 16, 17 and 18). The reciprocating slide 86 is provided with a. downwardly facing notch 88, which is adapted to interlock with a pin 89 projecting from the finishing float shaft 76. 'The relation of the parts is such that when the operative position the pin 89 will either engage the notch 88 or be brought automatically into engagement thereto as the slide 86 reciprocates, thereby completing the operative driving connection between the finishing float and the rock shaft, so that the finisning float will be reciprocated back and forth. When the finishing float is swung upwardly into inoperative position, as indicated by dotted lines on Figure 15, the pin 89 is automatically dis-engaged from the notch 88 and the driving connection broken between the finishing float and the rock shaft. If the pin 89 does not happen to enter the notch 88 when the finishing float is lowered into engagement with the surface of the concrete, it will initially lift the slide 86 and the slide will reciprocate over the top of the pin untilthe notch is brought into registry with the pin, at which time the slide C'arr'iage propelling means.-

The variable speed gear device 19 serves to drive a pair of shafts which project from opposite ends thereof and are transversely disposed with respect to the carriage. These shafts are provided with sifitable universal joints 91, and are inclined downwardly at the front and rear of the carriage, where I they have the worms 92 applied to the end portions thereof (see Figures 7 to 10 of the drawings.) These worms 92 engage worm gears 93 which are suitably mounted within the casing 94. Each of the worm gears 93 is provided with an elongated hub member 95 which receives the ends of the shafts 5. The extremities of the hub member project from opposite sides of the casing, and have internal gear members 96 keyed upon or otherwise rigidly applied thereto. Cooperating gear members 97 are keyed or splined upon the respective shafts 5 and are adapted to be moved into or out of engagement with the respective internal gears 96. These gears 97 are carried by sleeves 98 which are fitted loosely upon the respective shafts 5, being provided with pins 100 which are received within longitudinal slots in the shafts, so that the sleeves always rotate with the shafts, although they can be moved longitudinally thereon to bring the gears 97 into and out of mesh with the internal gear members 96 of the worm gear members. Coil springs 101 which surround the shafts 5 are interposed between the sleeves 98 and the collars 102 andnormally tend to, urge the gears 97 into mesh with the internal gears 96. A collar 99 is swiveled upon each of the sleeves 98 and is held against rotation by an arm 99 which is connected to some suitable portion of the main frame, as

indicated by Figure 10. Cam teeth 99* are formed upon the collars 99, and arranged in cooperative relation with corresponding cam teeth 103 on a ring 103 which is loosely mounted upon the sleeve 98. These rings are provided with levers 104, and when these levers are moved to rotate the rings in-one direction, the cam teeth 99 and 103 cooperate to move the collar 99 against the spring 101, and to break the clutch connection between the shafts and the worm gear, while when the levers are moved to rotate the'rings in the opposite direction the shafts are locked with the worm gears. The two levers 104 controlling the drive wheels at each end of the machine are connected for simultaneous action by a system of links and levers which is shown by Figure 4. A hand operating lever 105 is pivotally mounted between its ends upon the carriage, and the lower end thereof is connected by a link 106 to one of the levers 104, while an upper portion of the lever is connected by the two links 107 and the intermediate rock member 108 to the opposite lever 104. There is one of these hand operating levers 105 for the shafts 5 extending to each end of the carriage, and by properly manipulating these hand levers 105 all of the drive wheels 4 can be driven simultaneously, or thewheels at either end of the carriage can be driven independently of the wheelsat the other end of the carriage. This latter arrangement may be advantageous when going around a curve.

The universal point on the roller drive shaft.

The universal joint 14 which connects the engine shaft 11 with the roller drive shaft 15 has a peculiar construction and provides for the reciprocation of the shaft 15' relative to the engine shaft 11 when the mechanism is set to reciprocate the rollers and roller carrying frame longitudinally. The construction of the universal joint is shown in detail by Figures 23 and 24. The engine shaft 11 terminates in a socket 109 which loosely receives a knob or ball 110 at the end of the shaft 15. The socket is elongated so that the ball is free to slide back and forth therein when the shaft 15 recipro- Operation of the machine.

\Vhile the finishing machine is especially adapted for use in the making of concrete roads and pavements, it will be understood that it can be used for the compacting" and shaping of any analogous plastic material which may be employed in road construction work. Road building machinery has been developed to such an extent that comparatively large areas of the subgrade can be covered with plastic concrete aggregate from a paver or mixer which moves progressively along the subgrade as the road building operation proceeds, and the finishing machine of the present inventon is mounted upon the usual side forms or road rails and is power driven so that it can act upon the plastic concrete and be movedprogressively along the road to keep up with the operations of the paver, the machine has a sufficient amount of weight to hold the rollers to their work, and cause them to exert pressure upon the concrete aggregate. The rollers have a mechanical action upon the concrete and are adjusted so that they tend to compress the same, and in being moved back and forth they have a kneading action upon the concrete which tends to bring surplus water and grout to the surface, so that a neat and durable finish can be given by the finishing float which acts upon the surface of the concrete after the concrete has been subjected to the action of the rollers. The pressure exerted upon the concrete by the rollers results in obtaining a dense concrete and serves to distribute the aggregate in such a manner as to give a superior wearing surface.

The two rollers 7 and 8 are adapted to be set at different elevations with respect to each other. If it is desired to deposit the plastic concrete upon the subgrade in layers, the breaker roller 7 can be initially adjusted to act upon the first layer of concrete at a point below the grade, and subsequently adjusted to act upon the succeeding layer or layers of concrete. The breaker roller 7 operates in advance of the finishing roller 8, and is preferably set at a slightly lower elevation than the finishing roller, since it accomplishes the heavier and rougher work. The rollers can either be connected with the engine so as to be positively rotated, or they can be permitted to idle, and the finishing roller 8 can be positively rotated in either direction. Under some conditions the roller may be rotated in a direction opposed to the movement of the carriage, while under other conditions it may be rotated in a direction corresponding to the direction of movement of the carriage. The rollers are also mounted in such a manner that they can be reciprocated longitudinally at the same time the carriage is moved, or permitted to act upon the concrete without this reciprocating movement, at the option of the operator. When the key 73 is removed from position the rollers do not have the longitudinally reciprocating movement, while when the key is replaced the rollers are reciprocated longitudinally and thereby caused to have an additional mechanical action upon the plastic concrete' The adjustment of the rollers is controlled by asingle hand wheel 33 and by properly manipulating this hand wheel the rollers can be raised or lowered and set at different relative elevations.

The finishing fioat 20 follows the rollers and acts upon the surface of the concrete in a well known manner to leave a smooth surface at the top of the road. The finishing revolutions per minute, and'this differential rotation of the rollers may be helpful in get ting the best results. Obviously there are many conditions'under which the finishing roller can rotate to advantage at a higher rate of speed than the breaker roller which has heavier work to perform. The finishing machine is power driven and operates across the entire width of the road so that the concrete can be compacted and molded into shape as rapidly as it is deposited upon the subgrade by the paver. A machine of this kind greatly increases the rapidity with which a road can be built, and at the same time tends to decrease the expenses and cost by decreasing the amount of labor necessary and avoiding delays. At the same time a road is built which is composed of stronger concrete and which is substantially uniform in density throughout its entire length, since all of the concrete receives substantially the same treatment.

Having thus described my invention what 1 claim as new and. desire to secure by Letters Patent is,

l. A machine for finishing concrete while in a plastic state, including a carriage with its own means of traveling, a plurality of rollers supported by the carriage for operating on the plastic concrete, and means for raising or lowering together and for raising one roller and at the same time lowering another.

2. A machine for finishing concrete while in a plastic state, including a carriage with its own means of traveling, a plurality of rollers supported by the carriage for oper ating on the plastic concrete, and means for lifting and lowering the rollers together and means for lifting one roller and simultaneously lowering another roller.

3. A machine for finishing concrete while in a plastic state, including a carriage with its own means of traveling, a plurality of rollers supported by the carriage for operating on the plastic concrete, and means for moving the rollers vertically and rocking them in opposite directions.

4. A finishing machine for pavementwhile in plastic state including a carriage, a roller mounted thereon, means for selecand the many possible adlit) tively driving the roller in either direction, and means to move the machine backward or forward while driving the roller in either of opposite directions.

5. A finishing machine for pavement while in plastic state including a carriage, a roller mounted thereon, and means for selectively driving the roller in either direction or pern1itting the roller to idle with respect 10 to the driving mechanism.

6. A finishing machine for pavement while in plastic state including a carriage, a roller mounted thereon, means for selectivelydriving the roller or permitting it to idle with respect to the driving mechanism and means for reciprocating the roller longitudinally.

7. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a plurality of rollers thereon, and means for-driving the rollers at different speeds and causing the rollers to revolve either in the same direction or in opposite directions.

8. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a plurality of rollers mounted thereon, means for driving the rollers at different speeds, and means for reciprocating the rollers longitudinally.

9. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a pair of rollers mounted thereon, means for selectively driving the rollers or permitting them to idle, means for reversing the direction of rotation of one of the rollers, and means for reciprocating the rollers longitudinally.

10. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage adapted to travel upon the usual side forms, a finishing roller carried by the frame and extending over the side forms, a breaker roller carried by the frame and being shorter than the finishing roller so that it can be lowered between the side forms to act upon the road making material at a point below the final grade, and means for adjusting the position of the breaker roller.

11. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a roller carrying frame mounted thereon, a roller journaled upon the frame, and means for reciprocating the frame with the roller longitudinally respecting the latter.

12. A finishing machine including a carriage having its own traveling means, a roller supporting frame mounted thereon, a roller journaled upon the frame, for acting on plastic concrete pavement, means for reciprocating the frame longitudinally, and means for adjusting the frame to adjust the position of the roller.

, 13. A pavement finishing machine including a traveling carriage supported independent of the work to be finished, a roller supporting frame mounted thereon to have a swinging and reciprocating movement, a roller journaled upon the frame, means for swinging the frame to adjust the position of the roller and means for reciprocating the frame.

14. A pavement finishing machine including a traveling carriage supported independent of the work to be finished, a roller supporting frame mounted thereon to have both A a swinging and a reciprocating movement, a roller journaled upon the frame, means for tilting the frame to adjust the position of the roller, means for driving the roller, and means for reciprocating the frame.

15. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a roller supporting frame mounted thereon to have both a swinging and a reciprocating movement, a roller journaled upon the frame, means for selectively driving the roller in either direction, means for tilting the frame to adjust the position of the roller, and means for reciprocating the frame.

16. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a roller, a roller supporting frame mounted upon the carriage to reciprocate in the direction of the axis of the roller, means for raising and lowering the frame to adjust the elevation of the roller, a shaft j ournaled upon the frame, means actuated by the shaft for reciprocating the frame, an engine upon the carriage, and a driving connection between the engine and the shaft including yieldably connected members of which one can reciprocate with respect to the other.

17. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage,a roller, a. roller supporting frame mounted upon the carriage to have a reciprocating motlon, means for raising and lowering the frame to adjust the elevation of the roller, a shaft journaled upon the frame, means actuated by the shaft for reciprocating the frame, an engine mounted upon the carriage, and a driving connection between the engine and the shaft including shaft sections having a loose telescoping connection at their adjacent ends, and provided with lateral arms yieldably connected to each other whereby one shaft section can reciprocate relative to the other shaft section.

18. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a roller, a roller supporting frame, means for raising and lowering the frame, means for tilting the frame, and a single operating member controlling both the raising and lowering means and the tilting means.

19. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a roller, a roller supporting frame, means for raising and lowering the frame, means for tilting the frame, an operating shaft, and means actuated by the longitudinal movement of the shaft for locking it with either the raising or lowering means or the tilting means.

20. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a

gearin supporting ing a carriage, a roller, a roller su porting hangers supporting the bearings, means 06 frame, gearing for adjusting th game in associated with the hangers for cooperation one direction, independent gearing J for another adjustmentof the frame in a different direction, an operating shaft, and clutch means for selectively connecting the shaft with either set of gearing.

21. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a roller, a roller supporting frame, gearing for an adjustment of the frame up or down, gearing for another adjustment of the frame to control the action of the roller on plastic substances, an operatin shaft, and clutch means controlled b a ongitudinal movement of the shaft to the shaft with either set of gearing, the second adjustment of the frame being in direction difi'erent from the first mentioned adjustment. V

22. A pavement finishing machine includlurality of rollers, gearing owering the rollers, indefor ad usting the relative and a single opto be selectively with either set of for raising and pendent gearing elevations of the rollers. crating member adapted brought into engagement 23. pavement filnishing mlachine includa cgrriage, a ro ler, a rol er supporting ame, crank shafts for the roller supporting frame, and means for simultaneously turning the crank shafts to raise or lower the frame. p e

24. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a roller, a roller supporting frame mounted to have a tilting movement, an arm projecting fromthe frame, and gearing associated with the arm for swinging the same to tilt the frame.

25. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a roller, a roller supporting frame mounted to have a tilting movement, crank shafts from which the frame is'suspended, means for simultaneously rotating the crank shafts to raise and lower the frame, an arm projectin from the frame, and gearing associated with the arm .for tilting the frame. 1

26. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a roller, a roller supporting frame mounted to have a tilting'movement and also to reciprocate, crank shafts, hangers loosely suspending the frame from the crank shafts, means for turning the'crank shafts to raise and lower the e, arms carried by the frame and pivotally connected thereto to rmit of the reciprocation of the frame. moi: loosely connected to the arms and gearing associated with the racks for tilting the frame 27. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a pair of rollers, a roller frame including arod arranged parallel to the rollers, on the rod,

. gearing associated with therewith to raise and lower means for rocking the rod 1n the bearings to tilt the frame into different angular positions.

2.8. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a pair of rollers, a roller supporting frame including a rod extending parallel to the rollers, bearings applied to the rod, hangers engaging the bearlngs, means associated with the hangers for raising and lowering the frame, an arm projecting from the rod, a laterally projectin rack bar pivotally connected to the arm, an gearing cooperating with the rack bar to swing the arm and tilt the frame.

29. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a pair of rollers, a roller supporting frame including a rod extending parallel to the rollers and mounted to reciprocate in the direction of the axis ofthe rod, bearings applied to the rod, hangers pivotally connected to the beari means associated with the hangers for raising and lowering the frame, an arm pivotally connected to the rod to swing about an axis at right angles thereto, a rack bar loosel connected to the arm, gearing associated with the rack bar for swinging the arm to rotate the rod and tilt the frame and means for, reciprocating the frame.

30. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a pair of rollers, a roller supporting frame including a rod extending parallel to the rollers, said frame being adapted to reciprocate in the direction of the rod, bearings applied to the rod, hangers pivotally connected to the bearings, gearing associated with the hangers for raising and lowering the frame and supporting it at different elevations, an arm project' from the rod and connected thereto to .swmg about an axis at right angles to the axis of the rod, the arm for rocking the rod to tilt the frame, and a single ing member through ing can be selectively operated.

31. A pavement finishing machine inclnding a carria a roller a roller sup frame includ iiiig a rod, bearings on thug $35 hangers pivotall connected to the means associa with the hangers to raise 2nd lowiler the fr event e evations, an arm projecting om the rod and pivotally connected thereto to swing about anaxis at right angles to the rod, gearing associated with the arm for rocking the rod to tilt the frame, a shaft ournaled upon the frame, means actuated the shaft for reciprocating the frame in direction of the carriage, and adri the engine and the an engine u n' the connection can ft including shaft p which either set 0 gearframe'and support at difs the frame, and

sections connected by a fiexible joint enablingings on the rod, hangers pivotally connected to the bearings, means associated with the hangers for raising and lowering the frame and supporting it at different elevations, an arm projecting from the rod and pivotally connected thereto to swing about an axis at right angles to the rod, gearing associated with the arm to rock the rod and swing the frame,,a'shaft journaled upon the frame, means actuated by the shaft for driving the roller, means actuated by the shaft for reciprocating the frame, an engine upon the carriage, and a yieldable driving connection between the engine and the said shaft.

33. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a ,pair of rollers, a roller supporting frame upon the carriage, means for adjusting the position .of the frame, a shaft journaled upon the frame and extending across the ends of the rollers, gearing between the shaft and one of the rollers for driving the roller in one direction, and selectively controlled gearing between the shaft and the other roller for driving the said roller in either direction.

34. A pavement :finishing machine including a carriage, a breaker roller, a finishing roller, a driven shaft extending across the ends of the roller, gearing between. the shaft and the breaker roller for driving the roller in one direction, and selectively controlled gearing between the shaft and the finishing roller for driving the finishing roller in either direction.

35. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage having traction wheels, movably mounted pavement finishing means thereon, an engine mounted upon the carriage and having a driving connection with thepavementfinishing means, and a. selectively controlled driving connection between the engine and the traction wheels at oppositeends of the carriage whereby the wheels at the opposite ends of the carriage can be differentially driven when making a turn.

36. A pavementfinishing machine including a carriage having traction wheels at opposite ends thereof, an engine upon the carriage, shafts driven from the engine, short shafts driven. from the said shafts and arranged between corresponding traction wheels at opposite ends of the carriage and selectively controlled means for operatively connecting the traction wheels with the said shafts.

37. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage having traction wheels at opposite ends thereof, an engine mounted upon the carriage, transversely extending shafts driven from the engine, longitudinallyextending shafts geared to the transverse shafts and arranged between corresponding traction wheels at opposite ends of the carriage, clutch means for operati-vely connecting the traction wheels to the corresponding shafts, and independent means for collectively controlling the clutch means at each end of the carriage.

38. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage having corresponding traction wheels at opposite ends thereof, an engine mounted upon the carriage, transverse shafts driven from the engine, longitudinally extending shafts geared to the transverse shafts and arranged between corresponding traction wheels at opposite ends of the carriage, clutch means for connecting the traction wheels to the respective shafts, yielding means normally tending to close the clutches,'and means for collectively opening the clutches for the traction wheels at each end of the clutch.

39. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage having traction wheels, an axle for each traction wheel, short shafts interposed between the axles for corresponding traction wheels at opposite ends of the clutch, clutch means for selectively connecting the axles to the respective shafts, an engine upon the carriage, and means for drivingthe shafts from the engine.

40. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage having corres onding tract ion wheels at opposite en s thereof, an

axle for each traction wheel, shafts interposed between the ends of axles for corresponding traction wheels on opposite ends of the clutch, clutch means for connecting the axles to the corresponding shafts, means for collectively controlling the clutch members for all of the traction wheels at either end of the carriage, an engine, andmeans for'driving the shafts from the engine.

41. A pavement finishingmachine including a carriage having corresponding traction wheels at opposite ends thereof, an axle for each traction wheel, a shaft interposed between the axles of corresponding traction wheels at opposite ends of the clutch, an engine, transversely extending shafts driven from the engine and connected by speed reducing gearing to the shafts, clutc es for connecting the axles to corresponding shafts, and means for collectively operating the clutch members for all of the tIIiC'tlOIL wheels at either endof the carriage.

42. A pavement finishing machine includeating and a rotary movement, the rotary movement enabling the float to' be swung upwardly into inoperative position, an engine upon the carriageand a driving conmg a carriage, a float, a shaft carrying the, float and mounted to' have both a re.ipro-.

ill)

nection between the engine and the float ran comprising a notched reciprocating link arged parallel to the shaft and a in projecting radially from the shaft an moved automatically into and out of engagement with the notched link as the float is swung into and out of operative position.

43. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a finishing float, a shaft en ine, an arm uponthe shaft, a reciproeating notched link connected to the arm, and a radialpin projecting from the float carrying shaft and arranged to be moved into and out of engagement with the notched link as the float is swung into.and out of operative position.

44. A pavement finishing machine including a carria having traction wheels, a roller, a finis ing float, an engine mounted upon the carriage, a driving connection between the engine shaft and the roller, speed reducing caring driven from the engine shaft and aving a driving connection with the finishing float, variable speed gearing driven from the said speed reducinggearing, and an operative connection between the variable s d gearing and the traction wheels of t e carriage.

4 5. A pavement finishing machine including a carriage, a finishing roller carried thereby, means for raising and lowering the finishing roller, and selectively controlled means for positively driving the roller in a predetermined direction relative to the movement of the carriage, or permitting the roller to idle during movement of the carriage, and means supporting the carriage independently of theroad surface adapted to be operated upon by the finishing roller.

46. A finishing machine for concrete pavement work, to finish the concrete materials.

while in plastic state, comprising a carriage adaptedto operate over the surface to be finished and supported independently of said surface, a roller mounted on said carriage, means to raise and lower the roller, and means to turn the roller in the direction of novement of the carriage or in an opposite lirection.

47. A finishing machine for concrete pavement work, to finish the concrete materials while in plastic state, comprising a carriage adapted to operate over the surface to be finished and supported independently of said surface, a roller mounted on said carriage, means to raise and lower the roller, means to turn the roller in the direction of movement of the carriage or in an opposite direction, and means forpermitting the roller to idle during movement of the carriage and under the influence of contact with the road materials being finished.

48. In a machine 'for finishing concrete pavement while in plastic state, the combination of.a portable carriage adapted to travel over the surface to be finished and supported independently of said surface, a plurality of finishing rollers on said carriage, and means for driving one roller at relatively high speed and another roller at relatively low speed.

49. Ina machine for finishing concrete 1 pavement while in plastic'state, the combination of a portable carriage adapted to travel over the surface to be finished and supported independently of said surface, a roller mounted on said carriage for co-operation with the surface to be finished, supporting means for the roller mounted on the carriage, and common means for raising and lowering said supporting means, and

for rocking it to impart desired adjustments to the roller.

50. A finishing machine ,for pavement while in plastic state, including a carriage,

-a plurality of rollers thereon mounted on separate axes, and means for driving the rollers at different speeds, and means to' move the machine backward or forward while driving the roller in either of opposite directions.

51. A finishing machine for pavement while in plastic state, includinga carriage, a plurality of rollers thereon mounted on separate axes, and means for selectively drivingthe rollers either in the same direction or in reverse directions, and means to move the machine backward or forward while driving the roller in either of opposite directions.

52. A machine for finishing concrete while in a plastic state, including a carriage with its own means of traveling, a roller su ported by the carriage for operating on t e plastic concrete, a roller supporting frame, means for reciprocating the frame, and

means to cause said reciprocating means to discontinue its actuation of the frame.

53. A machine for finishing concrete while in a plastic state, including a carriage with its own means of traveling, a roller supported by the carriage for operating on the plastic concrete, linkage mechanism for reciprocating the roller, and means to cause the said linkage mechanism to discontinue its actuation of the roller.

54. A machine for finishing concrete while in a plastic state, including a carriage with its own means of traveling, a roller supported by the carriage for operating on the plastic concrete, linkagemechanism for reciprocating the roller, a movable support for 

